Oral Cancer Exams and Biopsies

Any visit to our office includes an oral cancer exam. However, you are the most important factor in an early diagnosis of a change you notice in or around your mouth. You should look for: A sore or lesion in the mouth that does not heal within two weeks.

A lump or thickening in the cheek
A white or red patch on the gums, tongue, tonsil, or lining of the mouth
A sore throat or a feeling that something is caught in the throat
Difficulty chewing or swallowing
Difficulty moving the jaw or tongue
Numbness of the tongue or other area of the mouth
Swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly or become uncomfortable

These symptoms may be caused by other, less serious problems, but they also indicate the possible presence of oral cancer. After the physical examination of your mouth, if we find any areas that are suspicious, we may recommend a biopsy. This is simply taking a small portion of the suspicious tissue that is sent to an oral pathologist for examination under a microscope.

Types of Biopsies

Incisional

The most traditional type of biopsy is incisional. In an incisional biopsy, we will remove part or the entire lesion depending on its size and our ability to define the extent of it at this early stage. The sample of tissue is then sent to a pathologist who examines the tissue under a microscope to check for abnormal or malignant cells.

Fine Needle Biopsy

When dealing with an area of significant mass, such as an enlarged lymph node, fine needle aspiration cytology (fine needle biopsy or FNB) is reliable and relatively inexpensive. A small needle attached to a syringe is inserted into the questionable mass, and cells are aspirated, or pulled out into the syringe.

Punch Biopsy

In this case, a very small circular blade is pressed down into the suspect area cutting a round border and removing a perfect plug of cells from the sampled area. The area where the plug was removed will not bleed much, and heals normally without the need for any stitches since it is so small.

OralCDx

An OralCDx brush Another new way to test for oral cancer is a system called OralCDx. Using a special, hand-held brush, we take a small sample of tissue from the suspicious lesion. The sample is put on a slide and sent to the CDx Laboratories. At the lab, computers use advanced robotics, scanning and imaging techniques technology originally developed for the defense industry to accurately examine the thousands of cells on the sample. The computer is able to look at every cell, compare them to libraries of normal and abnormal cells and determine which cells are potentially problematic. A summary report is returned to us for our files or for further discussion with you. If the OralCDx test is positive or atypical, we will then confirm it with a standard incisional biopsy. If the OralCDx test turns out to be negative, but the lesion persists, it should receive a follow-up evaluation.